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Many pulmonary diseases preferentially affect the large airways or the alveoli. Although the mechanisms are often particular to each disease process, site-specific differences in leukocyte trafficking and the regulation…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background The pathophysiology behind spina bifida and other neural tube defects (NTDs) is unclear. Folic acid is one variable, but other factors remain. Studies suggest that substances active at the GABA receptor may…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Genome-composition analysis using microarrays can be used to categorize genes into 'present' and 'divergent' categories. This involves selecting a signal value that is used as a cutoff to discriminate present and…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13 are interstitial collagenases that degrade type II collagen in cartilage; this is a committed step in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Of…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a technique for providing life support, in case the natural lungs are failing and are not able to maintain a sufficient oxygenation of the body's organ systems. ECMO…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background Water delivered by dental units during routine dental practice is highly contaminated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a new chemical solution flushed through Dental Unit Water Lines…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Objective: To determine the clinical usefulness of immediate (stat) chest radiographs after endotracheal intubation when performed by experienced critical care personnel. Patients and methods: This was a prospective…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background: This study evaluated the feasibility of blood gas analysis and electrolyte measurements during emergency transport prior to hospital admission. Results: A portable, battery-powered blood analyzer was used on…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Surrogate outcomes are frequently used in cardiovascular disease research. A concern is that changes in surrogate markers may not reflect changes in disease outcomes. Two recent clinical trials (Heart and…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background Human resistance to re-infection with S. mansoni is correlated with high levels of anti-soluble adult worm antigens (SWAP) IgE. Although it has been shown that IL-4 and IL-5 are crucial in establishing IgE…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background The relatively rare carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is a neoplasia with a good prognosis compared to pancreatic cancer. Preoperative staging is important in planning the most suitable surgical intervention.…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background: The formin family of proteins has been implicated in signaling pathways of cellular morphogenesis in both animals and fungi; in the latter case, at least, they participate in communication between the actin…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background The signal transduction pathways mediated by retinoic acid play a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation during embryogenesis and hematopoiesis as well as in a variety of tumor…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Introduction The Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study (RALES) randomized 822 patients to receive 25 mg spironolactone daily and 841 to receive placebo. The primary endpoint was death from all causes. Randomization…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
RNAi can be achieved by feeding worms Escherichia coli expressing dousble-stranded RNA corresponding to a specific gene. An optimized feeding method is presented that results in phenotypes at least as strong as those…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
A moribund and debilitated patient arrives in an emergency department and is placed on life support systems. Subsequently it is determined that she has a 'living will' proscribing aggressive measures should her…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background There is considerable uncertainty about the future of undergraduate medical education in the face of several important challenges. This paper highlights many of the complexities of the challenges facing…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background Race is commonly described in epidemiological surveys based on phenotypic characteristics. Training of interviewers to identify race is time-consuming and self identification of race might be difficult to…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Background Gene transfer studies in primary T cells have suffered from the limitations of conventional viral transduction or transfection techniques. Replication-defective adenoviral vectors are an attractive…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
The lack of efficient techniques for assessing the biological implications of microarray gene-expression data remains an important obstacle in exploiting this information. To address this need, a mining technique has…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
