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Growth factors mediate tissue interactions and regulate a variety of cellular functions that are critical for normal lung development and homeostasis. Besides their involvement in lung pattern formation, growth and cell…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
The transcription factors nuclear factor interleukin-6 (NF-IL6), early growth response-1 (EGR-1) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) have important roles in the molecular pathophysiology of hypoxia-associated…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have shown that COPD aggregates in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition to airflow…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Evidence for a role of diet in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been accumulating rapidly over the past decade. Associations have been reported between the intake of fruit, fish, antioxidant…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
It has become increasingly recognized that skeletal muscle dysfunction is common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Muscle strength and endurance are decreased, whereas muscle fatigability is…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
HealthData.Gov
Pulmonary surfactant is a surface active material composed of both lipids and proteins that is produced by alveolar type II pneumocytes. Abnormalities of surfactant in the immature lung or in the acutely inflamed mature…
Updated Oct 29, 2026
